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The Symbolism of Fire in Fahrenheit 451 - 790 Words

The Symbolism of fire in Fahrenheit 451 Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury describes a dystopian society where firemen instead of putting out fires, light them in pursuit of vanishing all books. The protagonist of the novel, Guy Montag, is a fireman that started questioning his beliefs about love, society and mainly questioning his job as an enemy of books, and the use of fire. This essay will discuss how does Montag understands fire through the novel and how fire is presented in the book. At the very beginning of novel, Montag is shown as a fireman that was filled with pleasure when books were burned. As a fireman, Montag understood the use of fire as the vehicle of what he thought he loved the most: burning all kinds of books.†¦show more content†¦When the Mechanical Hound had been destructed hanks to fire, Montag feel in control again. â€Å"He felt it scrabble and seize his leg and stab the needle in for a moment before the fire snapped the Hound up in the air.† (Bradbury, pg. 103) As well as the Mechanical Hound, Captain Beatty died because of fire: Montag killed him with a fire gun. These deaths relocate fire as the vehicle of what Montag felt passion towards, in this case no longer burning books, but fighting to save them. As we can see, throughout Fahrenheit 451, fire symbolizes the death but also the opportunity of new things. This idea is condense by Bradbury at the end of the novel through the character named Granger. He exposed after looking at the fire and saying â€Å"phoenix† that â€Å"there was a silly damn bird called a phoenix†¦every time he burnt himself up he sprang out of the ashes, he got himself born all over again. And it looks like we’ve doing the same thing, over and over, but we have one damn thing the phoenix never had. We know the damn silly things we just did. †¦ [S]omeday we ´ll stop making the goddamn funeral pyres and jumping in the middle of them.† (Bradbury, pg. 163) In the novel, Montag can be taken as an allegory of the phoenix. He represented destruction in different ways. First, as explained before, his job as fireman happened by means of destruction, the destruction of hisShow MoreRelatedFire Symbolism In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury819 Words   |  4 PagesKira Masalaitis Mr. Frawley English 12 November 28 2017 What Does Fire Symbolize in Fahrenheit 451? Fire. The symbol of destruction, warmth, and renewal, is a prominent theme in the novel Fahrenheit 451, written by Ray Bradbury. Guy Montag, lives in a bleak, advanced United States where any and books have been made illegal and are replaced with entertainment and technology. The use of fire in the past was to give warmth and heat and has now been replaced for the use destruction and satisfactionRead MoreSymbolism Of Ray Bradbury s Fahrenheit 451868 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury once stated, â€Å"I never consciously place symbolism in my writing. That would be a self-conscious exercise and self-consciousness is defeating to any creative act †¦ During a lifetime, one saves up information which collects itself around centers in the mind; these automatically become symbols on a subliminal level and need only be summoned in the heat of writing.† (The Paris Review). Bradbury’s may not have consciously placed symbolism in Fahrenheit 451,Read MoreEssay on Fahrenheit 451 Sybolism of Fire646 Words   |  3 PagesThe Symbolism of Fire Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, is a novel filled with many symbols. The symbolism used in this novel varies from different animals to things in nature. One of the biggest symbols throughout the novel is fire. Fire has multiple meanings in Fahrenheit 451, and is usually symbolized as something to be feared. Throughout the novel, fire is something that people do not want, even though it can be so much more than a bad thing. Fire can represent knowledge and awareness, rebirthRead MoreFahrenheit 451 - Symbolism1432 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a ‘fireman who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people read books and thinkRead MoreSymbolism : Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury1144 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism is a technique that literary adds meaning to stories through the use of objects or events portrayed to represent something else. The reason behind the use of symbolism is eluding something s meaning without sighting on the obvious. The in-depth analysis of the use of symbolism will feature in a short story-Fahrenheit 451 (Fenton). Fahrenheit 451 is a science fiction artistic work of literature that makes use of symbols in the ref lection of the humanity journey revived in a dystopian societyRead More Fahrenheit 451 - Symbolism Essay examples1350 Words   |  6 Pages Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a ‘fireman’ who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people read books and thinkRead MoreSymbolism in Fahrenheit 4511468 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, perhaps one of the best-known science fiction, wrote the amazing novel Fahrenheit 451. The novel is about Guy Montag, a #8216;fireman#8217; who produces fires instead of eliminating them in order to burn books (Watt 2). One night while he is walking home from work he meets a young girl who stirs up his thoughts and curiosities like no one has before. She tells him of a world where fireman put out fires instead of starting them and where people readRead MoreFahrenheit 451 And V For Vendetta, By Ray Bradbury1457 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451 written by Ray Bradbury and the film V for Vendetta by James McTeigue, there are a different range of features of their text type which explore the common theme of individuality against oppression. A fascist government occupies London after a world war in V for Vendetta. Where V uses terrorist tactics to fight the dictators, after saving Evey from the secret police, he now discovers an ally in the battle against England’s corrupt government. Fahrenheit 451, set in the futuristicRead MoreFahrenheit 451 symbolism paper1535 Words   |  7 Pages American Literature 11 11 November 2013 Symbolism in Fahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury, the author of the well-known science fiction novel Fahrenheit 451, was alarmed by how much time he felt the public devoted to watching television in the 1950’s. â€Å"If this [trend of television watching] goes on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he wrote, â€Å"nobody will read books anymore† (XIII). This thought of a television-obsessed future public frightened Bradbury. He was particularly fearful of how technology might prevent people from formingRead MoreFahrenheit 451 : The Burning Truth1149 Words   |  5 PagesAbdulmalik Alnagadi Doctor Clare Little Humanities 142 Aug/7/2014 â€Å"Fahrenheit 451†: The Burning Truth Introduction Fahrenheit 451 is the actual temperature at which paper catches fire. The story by Ray Bradbury represents a social criticism that alarms individuals against the risk of suppressing their feelings due to restrictions. The fascinating story of Bradbury, ‘Fahrenheit 451’ is interestingly well constructed. It can be clearly recognized that the book broadens the idea of a short story that

Water Free Essays

string(60) " of heat energy needed to convert water from liquid to gas\." Water is an essential ingredient for the existence of life as we know it. Biochemical processes occur in aqueous environments, many of which use water. Water also plays a significant role in the process of photosynthesis ( 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 672kcal - C6H12O6 + 6O2 ). We will write a custom essay sample on Water or any similar topic only for you Order Now Photosynthesis is the most basic and significant chemical reaction on earth, providing the primary nutrients, directly or indirectly, for all living organisms and is the primary source of atmospheric oxygen. Without water and its unique and unusual properties, life as we know it on earth would not exist. Water is the only substance naturally present on the earth that exists in three distinct states -solid, liquid, and gas. Many of the unique properties in the take for granted include the three physical phases, transparency, universal solvents, density behavior and temperature, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, viscosity, surface tension and low compressibility. To understand why these properties exist in water and why they are essential to life on earth it is important to look at the shape and bonding patterns of the molecule because the uniqueness of water is a direct result of its shape and bonding patterns. The shape of the water molecule In the water molecule the oxygen atom is the central atom. It has four pairs of valence electrons surrounding it. Two of these pairs are shared which form the shared pairs form covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms. The remaining two pairs are unshared and have a greater repulsive effect than the shared pairs. The combined repulsive effect of the two unshared electron pairs produces an H-O-H bond angle that is smaller than the H-C-H bond angle (109. 47 degrees) in methane or the H-N-H bond angle (107 degrees) in ammonia. Actual measurement of the bond angle in water is 104. . If the two hydrogen nuclei were as far apart as possible the angle would be 109. 47. The unique bond angle in water is only 104. 5 degrees. The resulting shape of the molecule is referred to as â€Å"bent† or â€Å"angular†. Traditionally the VESPR model theory is used to predict molecular shape. See appendix A. Chemical bonding To understand the unusual properties of water as well as what causes them we need to have a basic understanding of the chemical bonding and the structure of the water molecule. The shape of the water molecule is determined in part by the chemical bonding that occurs. For a brief review of chemical bonding see appendix B. The water molecule consists of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. The chemical bonds in the water molecule are covalent bonds since the hydrogen atoms combine with the oxygen atoms in shared electron pairs. The oxygen atoms exerts a relatively strong pull on the shared electron pairs which causes the hydrogen atom to become electropositive regions and the oxygen atoms to become an electronegative region. The water molecule is considered a polar molecule because the positive and negative regions are not evenly distributed around a center point. The water molecule due to its polar nature is electrostatically attracted to other water molecules as well as other ions in solution. The attraction of the electropositive hydrogen atom to the electronegative oxygen atom of an adjacent water molecule is the bridging phenomenon known as hydrogen bonding and is only about 10 percent the strengths of a covalent bond. This special bond is responsible for most of the unusual properties of water: high freezing and boiling points, high heat capacity, high heat’s of fusion and evaporation, solvency, and high surface tension. Let us look more closely at the bonding patterns of water. Polar Covalent Bond When oxygen and hydrogen atoms are brought together the difference in their electronegativities is not sufficient to yield ions. Instead they must share a pair of electrons between them forming a covalent bond. Some sharing is more equal than others and oxygen’s greater electronegativity draws the electron pairs closer to its nucleus and further away from the hydrogen’s nuclei. This results in a concentration of negative charges nearer the oxygen atom and thus further from the positively charges protons that make the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms. The bond formed is intermediate between a fully ionic bond and a purely covalent bond. There is a separation of charges but not complete as in the formation of ions. The partial charge that is produced is symbolized by d. In Water, one side of the molecule, where the hydrogen atoms are, will be partially positively charged. The other side with the unshared pairs of electrons will be negatively charged. As a whole the molecule is polar. So it can be said that the water molecule has a polar covalent bond. The polarity of the water molecule makes mutual attraction between water molecules possible. The Hydrogen Bond Each molecule has a d- and d+ region. The attraction occurs between the d- and d+ regions (remember unlike charges attract). This means that each water molecule attracts four other water molecules to it. The hydrogen atom is attracted to the oxygen atom of the adjacent water molecule. Each oxygen atom can associate with two hydrogen atoms of other nearby water molecule through its unshared pair of electrons. The force of attraction between these polar molecules is not as strong as a covalent or ionic bond but strong enough to be significant. It is important enough to be called the HYDROGEN BOND. It is the hydrogen bonding that occurs between water molecules that accounts for many of the remarkable and vital properties of water that make the presence of water synonymous with life itself. Firstly, the ability of water to remain liquid over a large portion of the range of temperatures found on earth is one such vital property. Other molecules, as small as water (eg CO2), change from liquid to gas at temperatures far below that of water. It is also the Hydrogen bond which is responsible for the large amount of heat energy needed to convert water from liquid to gas. You read "Water" in category "Papers" Water is therefore a great stabilizer of temperature which is essential to the survival of life on this planet. It accounts for more moderate temperatures near large bodies of water. This property is also exploited by many living organisms. Sweat, and its evaporation is a vital cooling process for biological mammals and depend greatly on the large amount of heat energy required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Hydrogen bonding maintains the integrity of the water molecule during chemical reactions. Other compounds undergo chemical changes (ionization), where as water will maintain its chemical integrity. As a result water is a poor conductor of electrical current. Hydrogen bonding is the reason for the lower density of ice relative to water. In conclusion, three main unique features which are the consequences of hydrogen bonding in water are: melting point, surface tension, density. These and other unique properties of water are responsible for the important role that water plays in life. Water’s Important Role Water is the single most abundant molecule in living things. It provides the medium in which most biochemical interactions occur. Some biochemical reactions water is involved in are: cellular respiration, digestion, and photosynthesis. Water is the home for many animals, plants and micro-organisms. Water is involved in the cycling of all other material by living things both on a local and global scale. Water has a number of unique and unusual properties that are responsible for its important roles it plays in the biosphere. BOILING AND MELTING POINTS. Water has unusually high boiling and freezing points compared to other compounds with similar molecular structure. A comparison of boiling and freezing points can be seen in the following chart. Notice only water has a boiling and melting point that exists within the range of life. The boiling point of water is a unique 100oC results is and the freezing point is a remarkable 0oC due to the fact of the polar nature of the water molecule and hydrogen bonding. Two important, but not unique, properties of water for life are that water is liquid at normal temperatures over much of the earth and that water is transparent. If water were not liquid, nutrients could not flow from soil to the roots of plants, blood could not circulate, and bodies of organisms would be so rigid that they could not move. If water were not transparent, light could not penetrate through cellular protoplasm into chloroplasts to drive photosynthesis in plants, you would be blind because light could not penetrate through the vitreous humor to the retina of your eyes, and light could not penetrate into lakes to allow growth of phytoplankton. Clearly life cannot exist without the amazing properties of water. SOLVENT CAPABILITY. A solvent is a substance capable of dissolving another substance (solute) to form a homogeneous mixture (solution) at a molecular level. The polar nature of water makes it an excellent solvent especially with other polar compounds such as salts, alcohols, carboxylic compounds and many more. As a solvent water is unsurpassed in it’s ability to dissolve a wide range of inorganic and organic substances. More substances dissolve in water than any other known substance. The versitility of water as a solvent allows it to serve as the medium of transport for so many materials. This is true both for individual organism and for the biosphere as a whole. The essential transport systems including blood, lymph, and urine are all water based. Without water’s solvent capabilities to make three systems work, life could not exist. A LESS DENSE SOLID FORM. Water exists in liquid form over a wide range of temperatures outside of which life processess are slowed down or halted completely. Between 4?c and the freezing point at 0?c, an amazing thing happens that occurs with very few substances, Water gradually expands becoming less dense. Water is the only substance where the liquid state is heavier than the solid state. All other substances the solid form is denser than the liquid form. Since the density of ice is less than that of liquid Walter, ice floats on water. It is very significant that ice expands and floats on water because if lakes and streams froze from the bottom to the top, aquatic life would not even exist, and climate and weather patterns would be altered drastically. This is an important quality of water because as ice forms it floats on top of the water. It acts to provide a thermal blanket for the rest of the water beneath and all its many life forms. This is important because if water behaved like all other substances, water bodies would freeze from the bottom up and in most cases would never thaw completely during summer. This would have a dramatic cooling effect globally and would impact all life on earth. LARGE HEAT CAPACITY. The remarkable property of water is it’s extremely high capacity to absorb heat without a significant increase in temperature. We see examples of this all the time. For example, under the summer sun at the beach, sand will increase in temperature to the point where it is too hot to walk on, whereas the water temperature is still cool, even though both are heated by the same amount of solar heat energy. Water has the largest heat capacity of any common substance. This means that water takes more heat energy to raise the temperature of water a given number of degrees than for any other material. In cooling water gives up more heat than any other material. This property is important globally and individually. Individually, the high heat capacity buffers organisms from sudden extreme shifts in temperature which would be harmful to it. Globally, the oceans moderate seasonal temperature fluctuations. That is why coastal areas are cooler than inland areas at the same latitude. These differences influence the weather globally. And without weather changes life would be very unbearable. The absorption of huge amounts of solar heat energy by water during the day and the slow release of heat energy during the night is responsible for the moderate climate in the coastal areas. A wider range of temperatures typically exist inland away from bodies of water. If not for the vast oceans on earth tempering the climate life would not exist. This property combines with the MPIBP property to create the water cycle which supports life on earth. HIGH HEAT OF VAPORIZATION. Water has an extraordinarily high heat of vaporization. On average it takes 580 calories to convert one gram of water into water vapour. A value that is higher than any other common substance. This property is of important significance to animals in regulating body temperature because of the large amount of body heat that is required to evaporate water (sweat). Without this property of water, organisms would overheat and die and the climate would be thrown into chaos. SURFACE TENSION. Water has the highest surface tension of any other liquid except Mercury. Surface tension is the attractive force exerted by the molecules below the surface on those at the liquid-air interface. The liquid is restrained from flowing by this inward force. The exceptionally high surface tension of water is due to the hydrogen bonding of water. This is demonstrated when you see an insect being able to support itself on the surface layer of water. The surface tension also leads to a higher viscosity as it doesn’t flow as easily. This is known as the clumping effect like the high melting point and boiling point the clumping effect occurs in liquid, that have hydrogen bonding. Conclusion All of these unusual properties stem from the unusual structure and bonding patterns of the water molecule. The molecule is strongly polar because of its uneven distribution of electrons. This allows water to interact easily with other polar substances which accounts for the great solvent power of water. The electronegativity difference between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water molecules is responsible for the establishing of hydrogen bonds between molecules. It is the mutual attraction of water molecules that accounts for the ability of water to remain liquid over a broad range of temperature (0oC-100oC) and also for its high heat of vaporization and high heat capacity. Water could not have all these special characteristics/properties without its unique shape and bonding patterns, life could not exist if not for these special properties of water, espacally the hydrogen bond. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on water from our professional custom writing service which provides high-quality custom written papers on any topic. How to cite Water, Papers Water Free Essays

Ergonomic Solutions for Arthritic Workers-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report on Ergonomic Solutions for Arthritic Workers. Answer: Introduction Ergonomics can be considered to be a scientific regulation concerned about the understanding of diverse dealings with humans as well as other components of a particular system. In essence, the ergonomics also indicates towards a profession that implements notions, principles, mechanisms as well as data for designing in a bid to optimise the overall well-being as well as performance of the system. The current study refers to ergonomics along with human factors that is often utilized in association to diverse physical facets of the environment. This includes workstations and control panels whilst human factors are often utilized in relation to the extensive system in which different people operate. However, the study incorporates knowledge acquired from different subjects namely anatomy, psychology, statistics, engineering along with physiology. Then the same can make certain that designs can complement the overall strength as well as capabilities of individuals and minimise overall in fluence of the restrictions. The present study presents a general illustration of the expected challenges for staffs as well as administration staff of the who continue to operate between the time period 8 am to 8pm. The current section helps in identification of the issues that reflects that shift workers might face the risk of injury. Essentially, limited involvement with employees in schedule choice, lengthy days of work and a surplus of successive work days are necessarily associated to augmented ergonomics risk and associated injuries (Young et al. 2015). Analysis of the given case reflects the fact that the shift work as well as long work hours enhances overall risk for condensed performance on particular job, flabbiness, injuries, as well as an extensive range of chronic diseases. Additionally, errors associated to fatigue can harm the employees and overall productivity of company. However, fatigued employees can hereby endanger diverse others specifically during their operations (Pheasant and Haslegrave 2016). Presentation of the findings Ergonomics Investigations based on specific issues and problems The present case helps in recognition of the pitiable work life state and sleep deprivation might also direct the way towards injuries of ergonomics and lost workdays, particularly among members of staff in extended hours (Carayon 2016). Again, there remains a link or association between diverse work practices as well as ergonomics injuries namely musculoskeletal disorders. As per the given case, Amazing Suppliers happens to be a large corporation that operate as a supplier of a wide variety of goods to the public through online shop. In addition to this, there are huge businesses along with demand that is high for their products. In particular, at the Leeds warehouse, the management arrives at a specific decision that aims to introduce 24 hours of working in certain areas (Carayon 2016). The given case also replicates the fact that the warehouse has a specific range of roles and involves the ones who will be operating throughout the entire 24 hours. Primarily, these employees mainly include warehouse staff, whilst administration staff shall continue to operate between 8 am to 8 pm. In essence, the entire board of directors have the need to put forward suggestions regarding the way the novel working hours can be rolled out together with details of diverse concerns that might be faced. The current study helps in gaining deep insight and integrative assessment of selected health as well as safety issues related to overtime as extended shifts of work. As rightly indicated by Xie and Carayon (2015), 30% of male workers as well as 41% of female workers registered chronic or else recurrent back pain, whilst 16% of male members and 27% of female members registered chronic or else recurrent wrist pain. The extended work hours also lead to sleep deprivation that can possibly be damaging when considered from the perspective of muscle, tendon injury else wise ligament. However, with the mean extended hours, the members of the staff who sleep for merely 5 hours to around 5.5 hours each and every day at the time of functioning at night shift, they probably could encounter an augmented risk of ergonomics damage (Jonker et al. 2015). As correctly put forward by Thatcher (2013), there are exhaustive illustrations regarding significant issues associated to long hours of work. There remains an integrative analysis of 52 currently published research reports that help in assessing the overall associations between long hours of work and different illness, behaviours regarding health, performance and diverse injuries. Analysis of outcomes shows around 16 out of 22 studies indicating towards general health influences, overtime was related to poorer professed general health, augmented rate of injury, increased illness or else augmented mortality. In addition to this, meta-analysis of particularly longer hours of work advocated a possibly weak association with preterm birth. Additionally, overtime was also related to detrimental gain in weight in two different studies, enhanced intake of alcohol in two out of three diverse studies, amplified smoking in one out of the two studies, and poorer neuropsychological test performa nce in one study. However, there are also certain research works that do not support the present trend, establishing no association between physical action and no association with abuse of drug. Wilson (2014) asserts that an outline of deteriorating performance on diverse psycho physiological tests along with injuries whilst longer hours of work was witnessed across different findings of the study. In particular, with shifts of longer time period and shifts of 12 hours are assimilated with over and above 40 hours of work every week that subsequently lead to injuries. The volume of legislative action observed nationwide reflects a sensitive level of societal concern as well as appropriateness of the issue. Stanton et al. (2014) mentions that there are performance measures that comprise of automobile crashes, examination of specific of cognitive functioning, examination of subjective alertness as well as executive functioning. The management of the firm can consider utilization of the following tools, dimensions and analysis for the purpose of providing suggestions to the board of directors are issued (Young et al. 2015). Multi latency test:-Multiple latency sleep test (MSLT) can be considered as the sleep disorder diagnostic instrument that can measure the overall time that passed from the beginning of daytime nap to the first indication of sleep known as sleep latency (Pheasant and Haslegrave 2016). The management of the firm Amazing Suppliers might take into consideration the appointment of a sleep technologist who can analyse the MSLT data and maintain chart that can reflect the time when workers fell asleep during the period of each and every nap study. It is also important to observe sleep stages and at the same time determine the time when people went into REM. Again, patients suffering from narcolepsy have two or more than two REM particularly during MSLT. Particularly, the technologists can handover the outcomes of the observations to the board approved sleep medicine doctor to analyse. Again, the doctor can use this specific information for arriving at diagnosis. In case if the doctor requir es more data, the matter can be discussed with the technologist. In this case, the manager can arrange for a test, study group of workers in segregated into different departments and carry out the test (Carayon 2016). Advice: Therefore, the board of directors of the corporation might consider results of diverse multiple sleep latency tests that can be normally registered as 4-5 latencies. In this case, the sleep onset along with the mean can be analysed for this purpose. The dimensions of MSLT can help in enumerating day time sleep tendency (Jonker et al. 2015). Then the board of directors of the company can accordingly design and develop system for the purpose of organizing work and personal life. Essentially, board of directors of the company can develop shift of the work, occupational disease, and occupational injury, lenience and tolerance as regards work schedule, job stress, occupational exposure, overtime operation and extended work shifts. Epworth Sleepiness scale: The manager can also make use of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale that refers to a self-administered questionnaire having 8 questions. In this case, respondents are requested to rate their usual possibilities of dozing off or falling asleep during the time remaining engaged in 8 different actions on a 4 point scale that ranges between 0 to 3 (Thatcher 2013). However, majority of the individuals participate in these activities occasionally, even though not every day. Essentially, the ESS score might possibly range from necessarily 0 to 24. Analysis of ESS reveals that higher the ESS score, the greater is the average propensity of sleep of an individual in everyday life (ASP), or else daytime sleepiness. The management of the Amazing Suppliers therefore might utilize this specific instrument for the purpose of analyzing effective work hours of the workers during which they actively work. In essence, the ESS is not a checklist for recognizing situations in which re spondents can frequently dozes during a particular time of the day. Also, it also does not measure the level of alertness or else drowsiness of an individual as Optalert technology does (Stanton et al. 2014). Moreover, ESS helps in distinguishing accounts of dozing behaviour from fatigue feelings as well as drowsiness. In addition to this, the ESS was selected on a priori base to reflect actions with an extensive range of diverse of diverse somnificities. However, their comparative somnificities can be later confirmed by analysis of variance and by particularly by Rasch Analysis. The comparative somnificities of specifically ESS actions are alike in diverse diagnostic groups as well as populations, regardless of the overall level of average sleep propensity (ASP) and the subsistence else wise absence of disorders of sleep. The management of the company Amazing Suppliers can utilize the usual format in which item score of each ESS can be registered between the ranges 0 to 3. Then aga in, 4 different boxes can be presented with labels between the ranges 0 to 3 might be presented to the respondents for each questions. Thus, the total score of specifically ESS can provide an approximation of particularly general features, individuals average propensity of sleep and does not deal with subjective feelings of alertness. Essentially, the scores of ESS can be aptly derived from interviews and that might be valid and that requires confirmation (Thatcher 2013). Advice: The board of directors of the corporation can be recommended to develop work schedule that can help in maintaining healthy work and leisure balance. The outcomes based on the results of the Epworth Sleepiness scale can help in assessing probability of feeling asleep that might be essential for delivering appropriate diagnosis. Accordingly specific medical advices can be taken so that employees could become more productive and improve effectiveness of operations (Jonker et al. 2015). Cognitive testing methods: As rightly put forward by Xie and Carayon (2015), cognitive testing methods refer to thorough evaluation of different cognitive abilities of humans along with other animals. Essentially, this kind of study can be considered to be significant to research concerned particularly the philosophy and psychology along with determination of both human as well as animal intelligence. Determination of disability is founded on specific signs as well as indication of disease, impairment as well as sickness. Psychological examination might probably assist in the process of informing the analysis of functional capability of an individual, specifically within the sphere of cognitive operation. In particular, cognitive tests cam be administered for analysis of cognitive impairment. Present cognitive testing mechanisms can help in presenting certain promising leads on diverse impacts of stress on particularly human performance. Managers of this Amazing Suppliers can utilize this instrument in this case for gaining comprehensive understanding regarding psychological influence of stress (Jonker et al. 2015). Again, the measures fall into different categories that mainly depends on neuro-physiological or else bodily alterations in the process of understanding stress, self report and performance or else behavioural alterations. Dimensions of physiological responses can help in understanding the stressors that can head to diverse decrements in performance and assessable physiological as well as affective reactions. Thus, board of directors of the corporation can identify different stressors that have different impacts and there exists considerable variations in the impacts of stress on different individuals. Thus, this instrument can help the management of the organization to comprehend the effect of the longer hours of work and fatigue on the overall performance of the workers (Carayon 2016). Discussion of solutions as well as anticipated challenges Analysis of the given case study can help in presenting recommended solutions and anticipated challenges. As per the findings of diverse studies, it can be hereby mentioned that ergonomic risks associated to the case of longer work hours include reduced performance level on job, decreases the entire capability of the employees to focus; lowers time of reaction; and lessens the overall potential to memorize and learn diverse new facts as well as skills. In addition to this, it can be said that this sleep deprivation can lead to diverse anticipated challenges (Pheasant and Haslegrave 2016). The anticipated challenges direct the way towards tetchiness, awful mood, condensed communication proficiency and capability to deal with the emotional burden of the place of work. Furthermore, researchers also report that potential of decision-making worsens and risk-assuming behaviour enhances. Significantly, learners discovered that sleep-deprived workers failed to identify their poor performance . The solutions for the identified problems involve designing strategies for promoting progress, developing education and training programs for diverse managers that can assist in enhancing appreciation as well as knowledge regarding demands of shift work, longer hours of work, and associated sleep and fatigue concerns. Strategies for diverse managers as well as employers involve improvement of design of work schedules, promotion of frequent breaks during shifts of operation, fostering different policies as well as systems that can lessen the overall fatigue risk and related problems of health. Additionally, places of work can necessarily undertake periodic evaluation to assess the influence of schedules of operation on both factors on as well as factors off the particular job accountabilities. Particularly, no blame system of reporting that is anonymous can help in acquiring pronouncements on certain incidents and evaluate in case if fatigue was necessarily a contributing facet (Th atcher 2013). Stratagems for workers comprise of permitting adequate time specifically for sleep and adopting best business practices as well as behaviours for maximization of sleep as well as consciousness. Workers having sleeping disorders due to longer working hours can ask for an evaluation along with treatment for sleep disorder expert. Again, workers can also acquire advantage from educating regarding their particular needs and reducing conflicts that arise between work and home (Thatcher 2013). Conclusion The current study helps in identifying the extensive negative influences of longer working hours and subsequent issues and ergonomic injuries. Essentially, the current section also presents ergonomics investigations based on particular issues and problems. Furthermore, the study also utilizes specific testing mechanisms such as multi-latency tests, cognitive testing mechanisms as well as Epworth Sleepiness scale for identification of enumeration of fatigue that might be caused by longer hours of work. The findings of the study also show the ill effects that include flabbiness, injuries and extensive range of different chronic diseases. And shows the way this also leads to fatigue associated errors. Thereafter the study illustratively explains the way it harms employees and hampers level of efficiency of employees. Thereafter, the study discusses the solutions to the identified problems that include implementation of education as well as training programs for different managers along with staff members. This in turn can help in enhancements of knowledge regarding the demands of work shift and appreciation and development of stratagems for reduction of the identified risks. 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